UPSC Prelim English Quiz
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Day 60 - 16 Jan - UPSC Prelim English Quiz Solution

Based on UPSC Syllabus and Current Affairs

Subject: Modern History

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  • Q 1. Which one of the following is not the outcome of socio-religious reform movements in modern India?

    • a) Progress of literature in different regional languages.
    b) Significant achievement in the field of emancipation of women.
    c) Caste system lost its relevance.
    d) Growth of nationalism
    Solution:   c Explaination   
  • During the last decades of the nineteenth century, the rising tide of nationalism and democracy also found expression in movements to reform and democratise the social institutions and religious outlook of, the Indian people.
  • Factors such as growth of nationalist sentiments emergence of new economic forces, spread of education, impact of modern Western ideas and culture and increased awareness of the world strengthened the resolve to reform.
  • However caste system did not lost its relevance due to socio religious movements both the reformist and revivalist movements depended, with varying degrees, on an appeal to the lost, purity of the religion they sought to reform.
  • The only difference between one reform movement and the other lay in the degree to which it relied on tradition or on reason and conscience.

  • Q 2. How a socio-religious reform movement of 19th century differs from Bhakti and Sufi movements of 7th century?
      1. The former has not given much importance to religious reforms but the latter confined only to religious reforms.
      2. Emancipation of women is one of the goals in the former but not in the latter.
    Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

    • a) 1 only
    b) 2 only
    c) Both 1 and 2
    d) Neither 1 nor 2
    Solution:   c Explaination   
  • Q 3. Consider the following statements regarding 'Raja Ram Mohan Roy':
      1. He is the first socio-religious and political reformer in modern India.
      2. He championed the cause of the English system of education in India.
      3. He protested against attempts to impose taxes on tax-free lands.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    • a) 1 only
    b) 1 and 3 only
    c) 2 and 3 only
    d) 1, 2 and 3
    Solution:   d Explaination   
  • Raja Rammohan Roy, the father of Indian Renaissance, was a man of versatile genius. The Brah mo Samaj established by him was the earliest reform movement of the modern type greatly influenced by modern western ideas.
  • As a reformist ideologue, Roy believed in the modern scientific approach and principles of human dignity and social equality. He put his faith in monotheism. He wrote Gift to Monotheists (1809) and translated into Bengali the Vedas and the five Upanishads to prove his conviction that ancient Hindu texts support monotheism.
  • In 1814, he set up Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta to campaign against idolatry, caste rigidities, meaningless rituals and other social ills. Strongly influenced by rationalist ideas, he declared that the Vedanta is based on reason and that, if reason demanded it, even a departure from the scriptures is justified.
  • He said the principles of rationalism applied to other sects also, particularly to the elements of blind faith in them. In Precepts of Jesus (1820), he tried to separate the moral and philosophical message of the New Testament, which he praised, from its miracle stories. He earned the wrath of missionaries over his advocacy to incorporate the message of Christ in Hinduism.
  • He stood for a creative and intellectual process of selecting the best from eastern and western cultures.

  • Q 4. Which is the following is the impact of economic policies of the British?
      1. Ruralisation
      2. Impoverishment of peasantry
      3. Famine
    Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

    • a) 2 only
    b) 1 and 2 only
    c) 1 and 3 only
    d) 1, 2 and 3
    Solution:   d   
  • Impact of economic policies of the British
  • Deindustrialisation-ruin of artisans and handicraftsmen.
  • Impoverishment of peasantry-ruralisation of India.
  • Emergence of new land relations-ruin of old zamindars.
  • Stagnation and deterioration of agriculture.
  • Commercialisation of Indian agriculture.
  • Development of modern industry.
  • Rise of Indian national bourgeoisie.
  • Economic drain.
  • Famine and poverty
  • Regular recurrence of famines became a common feature of daily existence in India. These famines were not just foodgrain scarcity-based phenomena, but were a direct result of poverty unleashed by colonial forces in India. Between 1850 and 1900, about 2.8 crore people died in famines.

  • Q 5. Consider the following statements regarding 'Judiciary' in British India:
      1. Hindu and Muslim personal criminal laws were used by the Judiciary to base their decision prior to the introduction of the Indian Penal Code in 1860.
      2. First higher courts were established only in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras.
      3. First Indian judge of a High Court is Sambhunath Pandit.
    Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

    • a) 2 only
    b) 1 and 3 only
    c) 2 and 3 only
    d) 1, 2 and 3
    Solution:   b Explaination   
  • Under the Regulating Act of 1773, a Supreme Court was established at Calcutta which was competent to try all British subjects within Calcutta and the subordinate factories, including Indians and Europeans. It had original and appellate jurisdictions.

  • Q 6. Consider the following statements regarding 'Drain of Wealth' during the British rule in India:
      1. Opening the country to free trade resulted in the drain of India's wealth.
      2. It is the main reason for poverty in India.
      3. Dadabhai Naoroji was the first person to put forward this theory.
    Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

    • a) 3 only
    b) 1, 2 and 3
    c) 2 and 3 only
    d) 1 and 2 only
    Solution:   b   
  • Economic drain refers to a portion of national product of India which was not available for consumption of its people, but was being drained away to Britain for political reasons and India was not getting adequate economic or material returns for it.
  • The drain theory was put forward by Dadabhai Naoroji in his book Poverty and British Rule in India. The major components of this drain were salaries and pensions of civil and military officials, interests on loans taken by the Indian Government from abroad, profits on foreign investment in India, stores purchased in Britain for civil and military departments, payments to be made for shipping, banking and insurance services which stunted the growth of Indian enterprise in these services.

  • Q 7. Which of the following is not one of the British policies prior to the revolt of 1857?

    • a) White Racism
    b) Divide and Rule
    c) Drain of wealth
    d) Restrictions on freedom of the press
    Solution:   b   
  • Divide and RuleDetermined to avoid a united mass action challenging their authority, the British rulers in India decided to practice a naked policy of divide and rule, by putting princes against states' people, region against region, province against province, caste against caste and Hindus against Muslims. After an immediate spell of repression against Muslims, following the 1857 revolt, the authorities decided, after 1870, to use the middle and upper educated classes among Muslims against the rising tide of nationalism, using conflicts over scarce resources in education, administrative jobs and later political spoils (which were inherent in the very logic of colonial underdevelopment) as a tool to create a split along religious lines among educated Indians.

  • Q 8. Which of the following can be inferred if an Indian ruler accepted subsidiary alliance system introduced by Lord Wellesley?
      1. They cannot employ any Europeans m their court.
      2. They must dissolve their army.
    Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

    • a) 1 only
    b) 2 only
    c) Both 1 and 2
    d) Neither 1 nor 2
    Solution:   a   
  • Subsidiary Alliance was a system devised by Lord Wellesley in 1798. All those who entered into such an alliance with the British had to accept certain terms and conditions:
      (i) The British would be responsible for protecting their ally from external and internal threats to their power.
      (ii) In the territory of the ally, a British armed contingent would be stationed.
      (iii) The ally would have to provide the resources for maintaining this contingent.
      (iv) The ally could enter into agreements with other rulers or engage in warfare only with the permission of the British.

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